破解记不住，口译笔记符号大汇总
口译笔记符号
口译笔记符号是因人而异的，没有唯一的标准答案，也不是完全照搬来的，真相是：笔记符号一部分是学来的，一部分是自己潜心练习总结来的，既有通性，又有个性。
做口译笔记时的注意事项：
1）口译笔记应该记点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，且也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念，命题，名称，数字，组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小，先后，正反，上下，升降，因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的文字和符号为主。
2）口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3）口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的精确和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为” UN”或“联大”。
一、 缩略词
英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然的是，如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对口译工作大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：
- 1、拿掉所有元音：MKT: market、MGR: manager
- 2、保留前几个字母：INFO ：information、IOU：I owe you
- 3、保留开头和结尾的发音字母：WK：week、RM：room
- 4、根据发音：R ：are、THO：though
高级口译听力常用英语缩略词：缩略词（左） 原词（右）
APT ：Apartment
ACC：Accountant
ACDG ：According
ACPT: Accept
AD ：Advertisement
ASAP ：As soon as possible
BAL ：Balance
BLDG ：Building
CERT Certificate
CMU ：Communication
CONC ：Concern/concerning/concerned
COND ：Condition
CO. ：Company
FRT：Freight
FYR ：For your reference
GD ：Good
GUAR ：Guarantee
THO ：Though
TKS ：Thanks
TRD ：Trade
TRF：Traffic
TTL ：Total
二、字母和图像
Z 表示“人”people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ。
E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business。
C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
T 表示"领导人"：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT。
k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal等.
J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited等.
L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad等.
三、数字符号
+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more.
+3 表示"多"的最高级：most.
－ 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.
> 表示"多于"概念：
bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.
< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.
表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.
= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.
≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.
～ 表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.
/ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.
四、标点符号
: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?
∧ 表示转折.
√ 表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.
☆ 表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.
n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.
& 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.
∥ 表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
1
做口译笔记时的注意事项
1. 口译笔记应该记点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，且也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念，命题，名称，数字，组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小，先后，正反，上下，升降，因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的文字和符号为主。
2. 口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3. 口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的精确和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为” UN”或“联大”。
4. 口译笔记使用大量常见略语。
例如：cf（confer/ compare），Co（company），e.g.（例如），max（maximum）， min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（通常）等。
2
口译笔记符号
一、地名简写
原词 | 符号 | 原词 | 符号 |
Korea | K | Sweden | SD |
Switzerland | SW | 东西南北中等方位 | “|－” |
the Republic of Korea (南朝鲜) | ROK “K” | the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(北朝鲜) | DPRK “_K” |
Eastern Germany (东德) | “G|” | Western Europe (西欧) | “|EU” |
二、货币简写
原词 | 符号 | 原词 | 符号 |
Sterling/pound | ￡ | US dollar | $ |
Renminbi/RMB | ￥ | Australian dollars | $A |
Austrian schillings | Sch | Canadian dollars | Can$ |
Eurodol | € | New Zealand dollars | NZ$ |
Japanese y | 円 |
三、时间简写
原词 | 符号 | 原词 | 符号 |
hour | hr | minute | ’ |
second | ’’ | morning | m |
afternoon | a | evening/night/tonight | n |
today | d | yesterday | .d |
the day before yesterday | ”d | tomorrow | d’ |
the day after tomorrow | d’ ’ | day by day/everyday | dd |
last night | ’n | next morning | m’ |
this week | w | the week before last | ”w |
Monday | 1w | Tuesday | 2w |
Wednesday | 3w | Thursday | 4w |
Friday | 5w | Saturday | 6w |
Sunday | 7w | this month | m |
January | 1m | February | 2m |
March | 3m | April | 4m |
May | 5m | June | 6m |
July | 7m | August | 8m |
September | 9m | October | 10m |
November | 11m | December | 12dm |
two month ago | .2m | this year | y |
two year later | y2. | 1949年前 | /49 |
1949年后 | 49/ | 1949年底 | 49 |
20年以后 | 20y| | century | C |
since/ever since | ┠ | uo to now/ until | ┫ |
四、度量衡
原词 | 符号 | 原词 | 符号 |
meter | m | inch | in. |
centimeter | cm | foot | ft |
minimeter | mm | knot | kt |
mile | mi | acre | A |
nautical mile | nm |
五、缩略词
原词 | 符号 | 原词 | 符号 |
Apartment | APT | Accountant | ACC |
According | ACDG | Accept | ACPT |
Advertisement | AD | Address | ADS |
aircraft | AC | at least | AL |
Advice | ADV | Approve | APV |
as soon as possible | ASAP | As much/many as possible | AMAP |
are | R | Amount | AMT |
Building | BLDG | Balance | BAL |
Cancel | CNCL | Conference | CNF |
carbon copy | cc | care of | c/o |
Conform | CFM | Commission | CMI |
Complete | CMP | Concern/concerning/concerned | CONC |
Condition | COND | Communication | CMU |
Compete/competitive | CMPE | Certificate | CERT |
Company | CO. | Departure | DPT |
Discount | DISC | Department | DEPT |
Extent | EXT | Exchange | EXCH |
Explain | EXPLN | Extra large | XL |
Final | FNT | Flight | FLT |
For your reference | FYR | Freight | FRT |
Guarantee | GUAR | Good | GD |
Home office | H.O. | Interested | INTST |
Information | INFO | important | IMP |
I owe you | IOU | In stead of | I/O |
In view of | IVO | Include | IINCD |
insurance | INS | Impossible | IMPS |
Individual | INDIV | Minimum | MIN |
Market | MKT | Manufacture | MANUF |
Message | MSG | manager | MGR |
Model | MDL | Memorandum | MEMO |
No later than | NLT | Necessary | NCRY |
Ordinary | ORD | Observe | OBS |
Obtain | OBT | Product | PROD |
Patent | PAT | Packing | PKG |
Please | PLS | People | PL |
Piece | PC | Position | POSN |
Possible | POSS(BL) | Quantity | QUTY |
Quality | QLTY | room | RM |
Regular | REGL | Representative | REP |
Reservation | RESN | Repeat | RPT |
Responsible | RESPON | receive | RCV |
Reference | REF | Situation | SITN |
Standard | STD | Section | SEC |
Though | THO | TGM | Telegraph |
Thanks | TKS | Telephone | TEL |
Trade | TRD | through | THRU |
Temporary | TEMP | Traffic | TRF |
Total | TTL | You | U |
Your | UR | Will | WL |
Week | WK | Weight | WT |
六、较长单词的处理办法
词尾 | 缩写 | 原词 | 符号 |
-ism | m | socialism | Sm |
-tion | n | standardization (标准化) | stdn |
-cian | o | technician | techo |
-ing | g | marketing (市场营销) | MKTg |
-ed | d | accepted | acptd |
-able/ible/ble | bl | available | avbl |
-ment | mt | amendment | amdmt |
-ize | z | recognize | regz |
-ful | fl | meaningful | mnfl |
七、字母、图像、符号
原词 | 符号 | 原词 | 符号 |
people/person人 | ｏ右上角 | Janpanese日本人 | JPｏ |
Government/govern | C 政府 | Governmental official | CZ |
Politics/political | P 政治 | politician | PZ |
Efficient/effective | G 效率 | inflation | Q 通货膨胀 |
victory,/win/success | V 胜利 | Leader/head | T 领导人 |
agriculture/agriculture | A 农业 | business | B 商业 |
conflict/confrontation | C× 冲突/矛盾 | work/employ | W 工作/职业 |
industry/industrial | i 工业 | treaty/agreement | U 合同/协议 |
bilateral(双边的) | U内填入2 | trilateral (三边的) | U内填入3 |
Unilateralism(单边主义) | U内填入1 | Multiple(多边主义) | U内填入m |
谈判破裂 | U上加一个“/” | country/state/nation | □ 国家/民族/领土 |
Import进口 | gO | outport出口 | Og |
chair/ host/preside over | Z主持/主办 | Chairman/host | Z°主席、主持人 |
contact, exchanges: | ∞ 联系 | fishery | ∞ 捕鱼业 |
head of government/ company | CT | international/worldwide/ | ○ 国际的/世界的/全球的 |
global/universal | |||
as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of | EO 听到/众所周之 | meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium | ⊙会议/开会 |
pleasant/joyful/happy/excited | J 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象 | unsatisfied/discomfort/ | L 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满 |
angry/sad | |||
indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/don’t care much | O 漠不关心/ | total/totally/entire/entirely/on the whole/all in all/to sum up | ∑总值/总数 |
无动于衷 | |||
go into/arrive at/give to/send to/present to | g→ 到达/传达 | lead to/result in/in the direction of | → 导致/引导 |
come/go back to/originate | ←追溯到 | be/come from/return/receive from | f← 自于 |
launch/open/start | ↗发射/投放市场/发行 | develop/strengthen/promote/ boost,/improve/enhance | ↑ 发展/加强/推进 |
up/upward/rise/increase/ | h↑ 上升 | ups and downs/twists and turns/roller coaster | << 波折 |
arise/ascend | |||
submit to | ↓屈服 | exchange/mutual | n交流 |
a match /rival /competitor/ counterpart/against | VS对手 | many/lots of/a great deal of/a good many of/plus | + 多/加之/加上/补充 |
more | ++/+2多的比较级 | most | +3 多的最高级 |
little/few/lack/in short of/be in shortage of/minus | － 少/减去/除去 | about/around/or so/approximately | ≈大约 |
bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than | > 大于/多于/好于/优于 | less/smaller | < 小于/少于/差于/劣于 |
superior to/surpass | ∧ 高 | inferior to | ∨低 |
among/within | ( ) 在...之间 | but yet however | ∧ 转折 |
cross out/eliminate | / 否定/消除 | question/issue | ? 问题/疑惑/难题 |
wonder/miracle/pay attention to | ！惊叹/特别注意 | matchless/peerless | 无敌 |
say/speak/talk/marks/ announce/declare | : 说/认为/希望 | end/stop/halt/bring sth to a standstill/stop | ∥ 结束 |
right/good/famous/well-known | √ 对/正确/好的 | wrong/incorrect/something bad/notorious/negative | × 错误/失误/坏 |
stand up for/support/ agree with sb/certain/ affirmative | Y同意 | not agree/disagree | N不同意 |
thought | *想法/重要的/优秀的 | important/best/outstanding/ brilliant | ☆ 重要的 |
very/extremely | __ 强调程度 | under the circumstance | ￣在…的条件/情况下 |
means/that is to say/in other words/the same as/be equal to | #NAME? | be different from | ≠ 不同/不等于/不相当/不是 |
and/together with/along with/accompany/along with/further more | &和/与 | belong to | ∈属于 |
basis of/ perpendicular/ is perpendicular to | ⊥ …的基础 | therefore/so/as a result/ consequently | ∴所以/结果 |
because/because of/due to | ∵因为/由于/多亏 | hear/listen | ○3 听说 |
about | ＠关于 | parallel | // |
water | H2O | for | 4 |
to | 2 | without | w/o |
with | w/ | plus or minus | ± |
times | x | so on, etc, and so forth | ··· |
divided by | ÷ | circle, circumference | ○ |
degree | ℃ | ellipse | 0 |
percent | % | diameter | θ |
per thousand | ‰ | triangle, delta | △ |
between | |.| | inside/ within/include/ among, | ( ) |
maintaining peace and stability: | ◎ | Empty | O |
as always/hold on,/persist/ insist on | ≡ 一直/总是/一贯 | pressure/influence | ⊥(竖线为向下箭头) |
On the other hand/or | / 或者 | right angle | ∟ |
Representative/delegation/ delegation | △ | ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/ stream | ∽江河湖海水 |
hills/mountain | ω山 | climb the mountain | ω上加一点· |
山水之间 | ω∕∽ | before/beyond/in front of | ·| |
above/on/over | ～上加一点· | below/beneath/under | ～下加一点· |
table/desk/house/building/bed | ︹桌/凳/床/楼/房 | 在椅子上 | ︹上加一短横 |
在桌子下 | ︹下加一短横 | look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness | ⊙ |
资本主义 | 资’ | 四个现代化 | 4m |
peace-keeping | 维p | 第三世界 | 3w |
（来源：有道爱翻译、雅言翻译微信公众号。感谢原作者，仅用于知识分享。）
