ScalersTalk成长会口译通关行动:交传小组二级口译实务第3周训练日志

写在前面的话
新年伊始,在ScalersTalk成长会,我们启动了口译通关行动,以及口译基础训练计划。
口译通关行动项目落在交传小组,主要以二级口译实务教材为主,我们的目标是逐个章节地刷完这本经典作品。
口译基础训练项目落在口译基础训练小组,主要以三级口译实务教材为主,我们的目标也是逐个章节地刷完这本经典作品。这本教材我们在2015年已经刷完过一轮,所以这相当于是第二遍了。
持续行动是我们最大的战略优势,当大多数人在坚持100天以后沾沾自喜的时候,我们的着眼点已经是三阶1000天的持续行动了。可能很多人以前连一本书的完整章节都搞不定,但是在成长会交传小组和口译基础小组,我们可以完成一本书从头到尾持续的学习,如果你完整地跟下来,你会有很大的收获,而且你也会成就感爆表。
当然刷完一本书从来不是我们的目标,我们的宏观布局是“从英语初阶到同声传译”,口译通关行动只是这个框架下的一部分。今年我不再用“虐口译”这个字眼,这个词最早是去年此时由我提出来,后面口译培训行业抄的满大街都是了……于是我今年用“通关行动”,寓意是我们在成长路上,要通过一个又一个关卡。大家也可以看看,要多久时间这个说法会在别处的文案上看到。
口译通关行动以及口译基础训练只面向成长会成员开放,在加入行动前,你需要进行测试。具体的加入方式请在成长会内部阅读。
本周复盘说明
本次复盘是ScalersTalk2016年成长会交传小组第三周训练与总结的成果。内容是王燕教授主编的《全国翻译专业资格水平考试指定教材英语口译实务(2级)》第三单元的前两篇文章。训练时间为1月18日至1月24日,训练进度为每两天一篇文章,前四天练习教材,第五天练习主旨口译(相关暂未收入日志),第六天复盘,第七天复习总结。成员在第一遍训练时相互点评,之后在自我研究和借鉴点评的基础上做该部分第二遍练习,多次练习并接受点评直至熟练为止。周末复盘需要成员现场口译本周练习过的段落,主持人点评,并组织讨论每段中的难点和需要注意的问题。
该复盘是在本周成员互评、复盘的基础上整理做出的。绝不是对教材原文的复制粘贴。我们的要求是,避免词汇和词组的堆砌,强化对语言差异和文化背景的认识,译文必须要经过自己的思考和加工,体现出在练习过程中遇到的难点和解决办法。欢迎正在练习该教材的小伙伴一起学习、交流。
往期日志:
Page 46 - 48, 英译汉
词组译法
finance and currency market 全球金融和货币市场(finance n. 金融;金融学;财政(Ministry of Finance财政部);财务)
technology-intensive products 高科技含量的产品
ripple effects 连锁反应(knock-on effects)
macroeconomic issues 宏观经济问题(微观经济microeconomics)
belligerent 好战的
play to 迎合
ease frictions, tensions and imbalances 缓和冲突、紧张和不平衡
tally with 与……相一致
the tensions are accented by … 情况因……而越发紧张
trade deficit 贸易逆差
a rapid rise in China’s surpluses 中国的贸易顺差迅速增长
current-account deficits 经常项目赤字(一国或经济体进口货物及服务总额大于出口货物或服务总额,即贸易逆差的状态)
find one’s own niche 找好自己的(有利)定位/位置
revolve around the Japanese place in Asian markets 围绕日本在亚洲市场的地位
capitalize on its own strengths in sth 利用某方面的优势
use oil as its trump card 利用石油作为王牌(trump card王牌)
abate 减弱
commodity-rich developing countries 商品资源丰富的发展中国家
commodity-consuming nations 商品消费国
metals- and energy-based export booms 金属和以能源为基础的出口繁荣
a powerful spur to development and growth 有力推动经济增长
remake the Asian economic map 改写亚洲经济版图
manufactured goods 制成品
like geese flying in formation 就像是“编队飞行的鹅群”
newly industrializing countries (NICs) 新兴工业国家
spark a wave of … … 引发了… … 的浪潮
more prosaically 更普遍地讲
eroding shares of market 逐渐削减的市场份额
句式连接
And as China’s development has continued and China has become a major world economy, we see changed patterns in China’s economic engagement with the world.
changed patterns很容易把changed当作形容词“已经发生变化的”来翻译,但很难和下文的内容连接起来这里可以转换词性,译文动词“发生变化”。与此句类似的还有第四段第一句中expanded role)。随着中国经济持续发展,中国已经成为一个主要的世界经济体。我们可以看到,中国参与世界经济的模式已经发生变化。
One snapshot tells this story:
snapshot本意是“快照”,在本句中,直译不合适,而第一反应可能会想不到合适的词,但根据下文的内容可知这里的snapshot是指一组有关贸易额的数据。所以可以译为“一组数据就可以说明这一点”。
China’s Central Bank is an influential actor in global finance and currency markets.
an influential actor这一名词短语,根据汉语表达习惯,可以翻译为动词结构“扮演中重要的角色或发挥重要的作用”。中国中央银行在全球金融和货币市场中扮演着重要的角色。
Modern economic history offers few parallels—if any exist—for such a massive and rapid rise.
这句话中offer是动词拟人的用法,翻译为汉语时,可根据汉语表达的习惯调整句序,将英文句子中的主语modern economic history调整为汉语中的状语成分,宾语parallels调整为主语。类似地拟人手法在英文中经常可以见到,比如数字做主语:2008 saw China’s successful hosting of the Olympic Games。
这一句中的“if any exist”是作者为了让行文更加严谨插入的成分,可以省略不译。
在现代经济史中,如此大规模的快速增长可借鉴的先例屈指可数。
Governments can let them pass, under the risky assumption that they will work out over time.
此句中let them pass(任其发展)和work out(得到解决)的意思理解是难点,work out有多个含义,需根据上下文意思判断。另外,under the assumption可将状语转化为谓语,译为动词“假定”,而risky单独成句,说明这一假定是有风险的。政府可以让这些反应自然发生,假定这些反应可能随着时间的退推移而消失。但这一假设是有风险的。
First, China’s economic growth has remade the Asian economic map, reshaping a 50-year-old pattern of Pacific trade and investment centered on exports to the United States.
(后半句可以采取顺译的方法:“重塑了50年之久的太平洋贸易和投资模式,该模式以出口美国为中心”)首先,中国的经济增长改写了亚洲经济版图,重塑了拥有50年历史的以出口美国为中心的太平洋贸易和投资模式。
After the Second World War, most of China’s neighbors developed by exporting manufactured goods to the United States. Japan rose first, then Korea and Singapore, like geese flying in formation; then the middle-sized ASEAN states.
自译版本:
二战之后,大部分中国邻国都通过向美国出口制成品获得发展。日本经济率先崛起,随后是韩国和新加坡,就像是编队飞行的鹅群,他们之后是中等规模的东盟国家。
In effect, Asian development rested upon FDI from Japan, and then from the newly industrializing countries (NICs) , plus an economically receptive American market.
an economically receptive American market容易直译为“经济上具有包容性的美国市场”这样表意不明确,可以译为“经济上开放的美国市场。事实上,亚洲的发展有赖于日本和新兴工业国家(NICs)的外国直接投资,以及经济上开放的美国市场。
This pattern endured until roughly the time China joined the WTO; it is now changing. China’s opening, beginning with domestic economic reform and then accelerated by the implementation of WTO commitments, has sparked a wave of Asian investment in the mainland: Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore combine each year to invest $40- $50 billion in FDI in China. This FDI, said to put up fifteen thousand or more manufacturing facilities annually, has very quickly combined the financial and technological strengths of China’s neighbors with China’s own relatively low costs, large manpower reserves, and excellent trade infrastructure.
自译版本:
这种模式大约持续到中国加入世贸组织;然而,现在都在发生变化。中国的开放,开始于国内的经济改革,履行入世承诺加快了这一进程,并掀起了亚洲国家在中国大陆投资的浪潮:日本、韩国、台湾、香港和新加坡每年在中国大陆的直接投资总额为400-500亿美元。据说,这一投资每年可用来建设超过1.5万个的制造业工厂。这股投资热潮迅速将中国邻国的经济和经济力量与中国本土相对低廉的成本、巨大的人力储备和优秀的贸易基础设施结合起来。
manufacturing facilities中的“facilities”指的是“场地”,也就是工厂。“facilities”指“场地”的用法举例:“体育场馆”既包括露天的“场”(stadium),也包括室内的“馆”(gymnasium),可以合起来译为“Olympic facilities”
最后一句,笔记应记好of China’s neighbors, with, China’s own的关系,否则容易出现逻辑混乱问题)
Today, China is the productive center; Japan and the tigers’ are suppliers of capital and technology。
今天,中国成了生产中心,日本和其他亚洲“四小龙”成了资本和技术的供应商。
the tigers 指亚洲“四小龙”
One result has been a scramble for agreements between ASEAN countries, ASEAN countries and major countries, and between major economies themselves, that are creating the potential for an extremely complex trade environment. To be true, such agreements may be advantageous in alliance-building terms; economically, their soundness and wisdom remain to be seen absent in a more inclusive strategy.
scramble原义是“竞争”,这里可以将“a scramble for agreements”译为“竞相签订协议”。
economically, their soundness and wisdom remain to be seen absent in a more inclusive strategy: 就经济方面而言,这些协议在更加包容的战略中,没有展现出理性与智慧。或者顺译为“就经济方面而言,这些协议的理性与智慧没有体现在更加包容的战略中”。
结果就是东盟国家竞相签订贸易协议,在东盟国家内部、东盟国家与大国之间以及主大国之间情况都是如此,这有可能让贸易环境变得极其复杂。可以肯定,这些协议在构建联盟方面可能会有帮助;就经济方面而言,这些协议的理性与智慧没有体现在更加包容的战略中。
The $300 billion in imports compares to about $ 1.5 trillion in American manufacturing value-added production. Even the United States, a $ 12 or $13 trillion economy, cannot accommodate $200 billion in import growth in five years without some stress and anxiety.
这句话涉及到经济学知识,有点难理解。背后的大致逻辑是:如果想要从中国进口3000亿美元的产品,需要美国卖出1.5万亿美元产品,获得其中的产品附加值(added-value),才能实现。这里的compare to 也可以替换成 can be translated into,generates等表达。3000亿美元的进口大致相当于1.5万亿美元的美国制造产品的附加值。即便是美国这样一个拥有12到13万亿美元的经济体,也不能无忧无虑地在5年之内吸纳2000亿美元的进口增长(想到要在5年内吸收2000亿美元的进口增量,也难免会焦虑不安)。
You see the social adjustment in the fact that our manufacturing employment has fallen from 17 to 14 million since 2000。
“in the fact that”可以替换为demonstrating that, according to the change that等等,它和下文中出现的“is highlighted by, is felt by”等词组本质上意思相同,都表示为“体现为,具体/突出表现为……”,可以神略不译不影响意义的传达。
这句话可以顺译为:
你们能看到一些社会调整:自2000年以来,我们的制造业就业人数从2000年的1700万降至目前的1400万。
But nowhere is the China trade debate as volatile or passionate as in the U. S. and this ripple effect of China’s reemergence will not abate anytime soon, as we will see both before and after the 2006 and 2008 U. S. elections.
“Nowhere is as volatile or passionate as in the U. S. ”是一个否定前置的倒装句。书上译文是直译:任何一个国家或地区关于中国贸易的辩论都不及在美国的辩论那样反复无常和充满激情。这样翻译也可以,但是“任何一个国家或地区”字数太多,有点啰嗦。所以,这句话可以直接用有“最”的肯定句翻译,反话正说,更加简洁。后半句话中,as we will see时态非常容易翻译成过去式,造成翻译错误。
可以顺译为:
在美国,有关中国贸易的辩论最为反复无常、充满激情。中国崛起引发的连锁效应不会在短时间内削弱,我们将会在在2006年和2008年美国选举的前后看到这一点。
Some countries in these regions, especially Africa and the Middle East, have been too reliant on oil and metals exports. While commodity trade generates lots of money, which if used well can be a powerful spur to development and growth.
两句话的逻辑似乎衔接不上,不太好理解,需要结合上下文理解。本段主题句“The effects on commodity suppliers are large and not always entirely positive”主要说,对于商品供应国的影响来说,喜忧参半。所以这两句话中,第一句话是说:商品供应国(非洲和中东一些国家)如果继续过分依赖石油和金属出口获利,经济会受到不利影响。第二句,从“while”(转折)和“which if used well”(条件)可以分析出句意为:只有当这些国家好好利用从这些商品交易中获得的大量资金,才能大力促进本国经济发展。两句话合起来表达了一种转折逻辑关系,前半句说“忧”,后半句说“喜”。书上“a powerful spur to development and growth”的译文“推动贸易的发展和增长”理解有误,应当是推动本国的经济发展。这样才符合本段主题句的含义。
因此译文如下:
特别是非洲和中东地区的一些国家,一直以来过分依赖石油和金属的出口。但如果这些国家用好商品贸易所带来的大量资金,仍可以有力地推动本国经济发展。
Page 53 - 54汉译英
词组译法
贸易逆差 trade deficit
会当凌绝顶,一览众山小 I must ascend the mountain’s crest; it dwarfs all peaks
高瞻远瞩的战略眼光 take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight (vision 眼界,foresight 远见)
互利共赢 mutual benefit and win-win result
大处着眼 think broadly (很宽泛地思考?很宏大地思考?V+adv 将结构简化,take a broad vision on XXX 这样就很不好翻译,因为中文里的大处,着眼都在翻译里表达了,但是很明显take a broad vision 在英文里是个不完整的表达,但是“从大处着眼”在中文里却是个完整的表达,后面不一定要接具体的对象,大处着眼在中文里本就是个思维上的东西,并不一定指要具体去解决什么事情,所以这里很巧妙地用了v+adv结构给表达转换过去了,这里也是考虑到衔接问题)
避免矛盾激化 avoid possible escalation of disputes [eskə’leɪʃ(ə)n] 美 [,ɛskə’leʃən] n. 增加;扩大;逐步上升 v+adj+n+prep+n; avoid disputes escalating )
知识产权 intellectual property right
求大同存小异 seek consensus on major issues while reserving differences on minor issues ([kən’sensəs]n. 一致;舆论;合意 major/minor )
寻找双方共同立场(seek common grounds)
与时俱进 keep up with times (advance with the times/keep pace with the times/keep abreast of the times/change with the times)
25年可直译为25 years, 也可a quarter of a century(出现quarter要能反应过来)
与各位商榷即为可供讨论,可作为“五条原则”的定语从句,five principles that I would like to discuss 另外常见“有待商榷”,可译为be open to
discussion/objection/dispute互利共赢 mutual benefit and win-win result
大处着眼 think broadly
发挥双边经贸协调机制作用即为我们应让这个机制起作用,we should enable coordinating mechanisms to play their due role in bilateral trade and economic relations, 或 we need to give play to the role of … mechanism, give full play 即为充分发挥作用
避免矛盾激化avoid possible escalation of disputes, 或prevent contradictions from intensifying
知识产权 intellectual property right
求大同存小异 seek consensus on major issues while reserving differences on minor issues
不动辄设限或制裁 rather than willfully imposing restrictions or sanctions, 或rather than doing sth at every turn
政治化 politicize 固定用法如现代化modernize, 全球化 globalize但有些不可,如科研成果产业化,要在理解基础上翻译,apply…to…,即为把a变成,应用于b。
今后一个时期虚指,in the years ahead, in the future period
核心和精髓汉语重复对仗,翻译一个即可,essence, essential points
符合…要求与要求相一致, be consistent with
贸易逆差 trade deficit 贸易顺差 trade surplus
进一步扩大进口/出口进一步和扩大意思重复,使用比较级greater import 或动词expand均可
农产品 farm products 机电产品,为机械,电器,电子产品,electromechanical products
跑到太平洋去抛弃,摒弃的形象说法,get rid of, abandon
句式链接
1.谈到中美贸易问题,首先要看到一个基本事实,这就是25年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨大的发展。从1979年的不足25亿美元,发展到今天的1000多亿美元,增长了几十倍。这种巨额增长,是不是只对一方有利而对另一方不利?或者说只是中国赚了而美国亏了?不是。事实上,两国都从迅速发展的中美贸易中获得了巨大的利益。
“谈到….”可以说“Speaking of ….”“谈到…..的问题”这里的“问题”可以看做范畴词,直接省略不译,因此可以直接翻译成“When talking about China-US trade”“Speaking of the China-US trade” (注意这里不要译成Sino-US,因为Sino这个说法带有贬义);
“首先要看到一个基本事实”we should not overlook one fundamental fact, 双重否定表肯定,语气加强之后可以直接省略强调词“首先”。
两国之间的贸易two-way trade/ trade between our two countries。“这就是25年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨大的发展”:that is, in the past 25 years, two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion 也可以说“The past 25 years has witnessed our tremendous expansion/great development.”
“从1979年的不足25亿美元,发展到今天的1000多亿美元,增长了几十倍”:“from merely 2. 5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today, an increase of dozens of times” :在英文里数字放在前面翻译,时间放在后面翻译;“增长了….(比例或倍数)”可以直接跟在具体的数值后面说“an increase of …”;
“这种巨额增长,是不是只对一方有利而对另一方不利?或者说只是中国赚了而美国亏了”:“Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other? ”“at the expense of ”这里表示“损失”。benefit only one side at the expense of the other只对一方有利而对另一方不利. “或者说只是中国赚了而美国亏了?”“Or is China the winner and the US the loser. ”
the winner,the loser 表示“赚了,亏了”;“不是。事实上,两国都从迅速发展的中美贸易中获得了巨大的利益。”In fact, both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade./both countries have get substantial benefits from the rapid growth of China-US trade.
翻译:When talking about China-US trade, we should not overlook one fundamental fact, that is, in the past 25 years, two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion. From merely 2. 5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today, the increase is dozens of times. Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other? Or is China the winner and the US the loser? The answer is obviously no. In fact, both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade.
2.中美贸易之所以能迅速发展,根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性, 很大程度上来自两国资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家,市场广阔,发展迅速,劳动力成本低,但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。美国是最大的发达国家,经济总量大,资本充足,科技发达,但劳动力成本高。这种差异性和互补性,将在今后长期存在,在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。我认为,这就是中美贸易能够持续快速发展的客观基础。
版本一:The reason for such a rapid growth in China-US trade lies, in the final analysis(插入语), in the high degree of complementarity of the two economies(直接用一个名词economy表示经济主体,省略country,),which(指代前面的“原因”),to a large extent,(插入语)stems from(起源于) their big differences in economic resources, economic structures and consumption.
版本二:The reason why the trade between China and US can get such a big growth primarily lies in the strong complementarity of two economies, big differences in economic resources, economic structures and consumption.
“中美贸易之所以能迅速发展,根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。很大程度上来自两国资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。”中国是最大的发展中国家,市场广阔,发展迅速,劳动力成本低,但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。
”China is the world’s largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and a low cost of labor, but short in capitaland relatively backward in technology and management. 美国是最大的发达国家,经济总量大,资本充足,科技发达,但劳动力成本高。
On the other hand,(这里的on the other hand,原文里没有,但是用在这里是为了在翻译中转换语气,也是为了使下文的衔接更加自然) the US is the worlds largest developed country, big in economic size, abundant in capital, and advanced in science and technology.(连用好几个adj+prep 结构,使得翻译更加顺畅,结构上也更加对称和紧凑)“这种差异性和互补性,将在今后长期存在,在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。
我认为,这就是中美贸易能够持续快速发展的客观基础。”But the cost of labor in the US is very high.(劳动力成本高,不要用expensive)但是劳动力成本高。Such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time,and are likely to feature more prominently更加突出 in the on going economic globalization.
This, in my view, is the material basis for the sustained and rapid
expansion/development/growth of China-US trade. 这种差异性和互补性,将在今后长期存在,在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。我认为,这就是中美贸易能够持续快速发展的客观基础。翻译:The reason for such a rapid growth in China-US trade lies, in the final analysis, in the high degree of complementarity of the two economies,which,to a large extent,stems from their big differences in economic resources, economic structures and consumption levels. China is the worlds largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and a low cost of labor, but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management.On the other hand, the US is the worlds largest developed country, big in economic size, abundant in capital, and advanced in science and technology. But the cost of labor in the US is very high. Such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time,and are likely to feature more prominently in the on going economic globalization. This, in my view, is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade.
3.中国有一句描写登泰山感受的古诗:“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”。我们对待中美贸易问题,要有这种髙瞻远瞩的战略眼光。诸如美中贸易逆差问题,人民币汇率问题,知识产权保护问题,贵国社会各界甚为关注。所有这些问题,是在中美贸易发展中出现的问题,是可以取得共识,也是可以逐步得到解决的,不应该也不可能影响中美经贸发展大局。
版本一:There is an ancient Chinese poem which has described the feeling of climbing Mount Tai : I must ascend the mountain’s crest;it dwarfs all peaks under my feet. 中国有一句描写登泰山感受的古诗:“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”。We should also take the same strategic perspective on treating the China-US trade.Problems such as US trade deficit with China, the RMB exchange rate, and intellectual protection, are of concern to many quarters of US society. But they are also problems that come along with expanded China-US trade, and they can reach a consensus/ get a common view and can be solved gradually. They should not and will not influence the landscape of China-US trade.
版本二:Depicting how the climber of the towering Mount Tai feels, an ancient Chinese poem goes, I must ascend the mountain’s crest; it dwarfs all peaks under my feet. When approaching problems in China-US trade, we also need to take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight. Problems such as US trade deficit with China, the RMB exchange rate, and intellectual protection, are of concern to many quarters of US society. But they are also problems that come along with expanded China-US trade, and they can be ironed out gradually since common understanding on them is entirely obtainable. They should not, and will not, stand in the way of the larger interests of China-US trade.
4.滔滔长河有时会卷起漩涡,漫漫历史进程难免会发生波折。随着中美经贸合作规模的扩大,有点摩擦在所难免。只要双方有诚意,这类问题完全可以通过平等协商和扩大合作来加以妥善解决。
版本一:As whirlpools are sometimes found in a surging river, the long historical process is also inevitably meet twists and turns. With the expansion of China-US trade,(用了expansion 就不需要再翻译“规模”了,expansion本身就是表示扩大的意思),the frictions are hardly avoidable. But if we can take the sincerity,such problems can be finally resolved properly through equal consultation and expanded cooperation.
版本二:As whirlpools are sometimes found in a surging river, the flows of history can also be interrupted by some occasional setbacks. As bilateral trade and economic relations grow in size, some frictions are hardly avoidable. So long as the two sides act in good faith, such problems can be resolved properly through equal consultation and expanded cooperation.
5.回顾中美经贸关系发展25年的历史,我们应当从中汲取一些重要的经验教训。
不用按原文语序翻译,意为我们可以从历史中汲取教训,或历史告诉(show,reveal)我们,更为简洁。经贸关系就是经济贸易关系,trade and economic relations。
25年,可用the quarter of a century 来表示。We can learn some important experiences and lessons from the history of China-US trade and economic relations in the past quarter of a century.
6.我愿意,就发展中美公平贸易和经济合作提出五条原则,与各位商榷。这五条原则是:
第一,互利共赢,从大处着眼,既要考虑自己利益又要考虑对方利益。
第二,把发展放到首位。通过扩大贸易合作来化解分歧。
第三,发挥双边经贸协调机制作用,及时沟通和磋商,避免矛盾激化。
第四,平等协商。求大同存小异,不动辄设限或制裁。不把经贸问题政治化。
原则条文类大多没有主语,翻译时可以使用祈使句,名词性结构,或补出主语,动词。如:把发展放到首位。
祈使句 give priority to development
名词性结构 development placed as number-one priority
补出缺少的成分 we should give priority to development
贸易合作指双方贸易及经济上的合作。“不动辄”意为不随便,慎重处理,表转折,可用rather than willfully imposing restrictions or sanctions表达。
I propose five principles that I would like to discuss for fair trade and economic partnerships between china and the US.
First, we should pursue mutual benefit and win-win result with broad consideration. One should take account of the others interests while pursuing its own.
Second, give priority to development. We need expand trade as well as economic cooperation to solve differences.
Third, we should enable coordinating mechanisms to play their due role in bilateral trade and economic relations. And disputes should be addressed by communication and consultation in time to prevent contradictions from intensifying.
Fourth, consult equally. We need seek consensus on major issues while reserving differences on minor issues, rather than willfully imposing restrictions or sanctions.
Fifth, do not politicize economic and trade issues.
7. 这五条原则是建立在世贸组织框架和国际贸易基本准则基础上的,也是正确认识和妥善处理今后一个时期中美贸易可能出现的分歧和摩擦所需要的。
这句话介绍了“五条原则”的两点,一个是原则的建立基础,一个是原则的目的作用。可以分为两句说明,也可将“建立基础”部分作为定语从句,另一部分作为主句。“我们所需要的”,可以解读为“必要的”,即essential。
These five principle are proposed in line with WTO framework and basic international trade norms. They are essential for us to understand and deal with the disputes of China US trade disputes in the years ahead.
8.发展是动力,平等是前提,互利是目的。
遇到这种平行并列的主系表结构,谓语动词可以省略。
Development is our driving force, equality the premise, and mutual benefit our goal.
9.以解决两国贸易不平衡为例。所谓把发展放到首位,就是强调向前看,通过进一步扩大两国贸易来缩小不平衡。
以什么为例,就是take sth as (an) example。
“所谓”,是解释说明的作用,而分析后一部分,可以看出句子的逻辑:“向前看”和“通过扩大两国贸易缩小不平衡”的条件,也就是做到“把发展放到首位”的要求。
我们再看“向前看”和“通过扩大两国贸易缩小不平衡”之间的关系:“通过扩大两国贸易缩小不平衡”是对向前看的具体解释,因此可以理解为“通过向前看,我们就可以通过扩大两国贸易所辖不平衡”
Take solving our trade imbalance as an example we should give priority to development, which calls for a forward-looking approach that will enable us to narrow the trade gap by expanding two-way trade.