现在完成时详解（语法+练习）

【基本认识】

1.意义

✅表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响或结果。

✅表示在过去已经开始，并持续到现在的动作或状态。

⏺️ I've already had my lunch.

【表示我已经吃过午餐，并且现在不饿】

⏺️ I've lived here for 10 years.

= I've lived here since 10 years ago.

【表示我10年前就住在这里，并且现在也住这里】

2.基本构成

✅have/has +过去分词

have:第一人称，第二人称及第三人称复数

has:第三人称单数

⏺️肯定句：

主语+have/has+过去分词

⏺️否定句：

主语+haven't（have not）+过去分词

主语+hasn't（has not）过去分词

⏺️疑问句：

Have /Has +主语+过去分词...?

I have finished my homework.

➡️ I haven't finished my homework.

➡️ Have you finished your homework?

3.标志词

标志词比较多，如already,ever,never,since,for,just,yet,recently,once，over，in the past+一段时间等等。总结如下：

​如：

⏺️ She has already lived here for 5 years.

⏺️ Have you ever been to Paris?

⏺️ I have never read the book The Journey To The West.

⏺️ My father has worked here since 2008.

⏺️ I've just heard the bad news.

⏺️ It's too early. The supermarket hasn't been opened yet.

⏺️ I have to keep a diary because I have gained weight recently.

⏺️ I have been to Shanghai twice.

⏺️ I've learnt a lot new math knowledge during my stay at my aunt's.

⏺️ A lot of changes have taken place in China in the past 40 years.

4.过去分词变化【必须记忆内容】

✅规则变化：

✅不规则变化：

【高频易错】

1.since和for的区别

⏺️for+时间段

⏺️since+时间点

⏺️since+一段时间+ago=for +时间段

⏺️since +从句（一般过去时）

⏺️It's+一段时间+since（一般过去时句子）如：

I have worked here for 12 years.

I have lived here since 2008.

The film has been on since 10 minutes ago.

Two hours have passed since he arrived here.

It's three years since my grandpa died.

2.have been to/have gone to/have been in

⏺️have been to 去过，已经回来

⏺️have gone to 去了，还没回来

⏺️have been in 一直都在

如：

I have been to Beijing twice.

I have never been to Paris.

Where has Tom gone to?

Sophie is not here. She has gone to Shanghai.

My family have been in Chongqing for 80 years.

​

【重难点内容】

✅瞬间动词可以替换为延续性动词，替换为延续性动词后，可以和since/for连用。

看下面这句话：

“他已经去世三年了。”

去世，对应的动词，【die】。对照上表，die是瞬间动词，转换为延续性动词是be dead。如果要使用谓语动词【die】，那么就要用一般过去时;如果要和since/for连用，【die】就要替换为【be dead】。

所以这句话对应的表达有5种：

（1） He died three years ago.

【一般过去时，标志词three years ago】

（2） He has been dead for three years.

【现在完成时，标志词for+一段时间】

（3） He has been dead since three years ago.

【现在完成时，标志词since+一段时间】

（4） It is three years since he died.

【It is +一段时间+一般过去时从句】

（5） Three years have passed since he died.

【一段时间+have/has passed+since+一般过去时从句】

练习题

✅单项选择

1. Li Hong has ___ the army for 2 years.

A. joined　　　

B. be in　　　

C. been in 　　　

D. joined in

2. We have been friends since ______.

A. children　　　

B. five years　　　

C. five years ago 　　　

D. five years before

3. Mike _____ the story for a month.

A. has bought 　　　

B. has had 　　　

C. had had　　　

D. has borrowed

4. You ______ that question three times.

A. already asked　　　　　　

B. have already asked

C. already have asked 　　　

D. asked already

5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.

A. since last week　　

B. a week ago 　　

C. for a week　　

D. since a week ago

6. I _____ at this school for two years.

A. am studying 　　　

B. study 　　　

C. studied 　　　

D. have studied

7. They _________ in the city since last summer.

A. live 　　　

B. didn’t live　　　

C. have lived　　　　

D. live

8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _____ 1992.

A. since　　　

B. from 　　　

C. after 　　　　

D. in

9. Mr. Black ____Chinasince the summer of 1998.

A. has been to 　　　

B. has been in　　　

C. has come to 　　　　

D. came to

10. His father _______ for years.

A. has died 　　

B. has been dead　　　

C. died D. dies

参考答案：

1-5 CCBBB

6-10 DCABB

✅用 already或 yet填空。

1. Have they taken down the old pictures ____? No, not _______.

2. Most of us have finished our compositions ________

3. He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.

参考答案：yet;yet/ already/ yet

✅用 since或 for填空。

1. We have learned five lessons ______ the beginning of this term.

2. Mrs. Liao has been in hospital ______last week.

3. I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.

参考答案：since/ since/ for

✅用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1. — Where is Jack?

— He __________ his country.

2. John _______Englandsince he came back.

3. How long ___ you ____this village?

4. The Smiths ____ Beijing for years.

5. — ______you ever _____ America?

— Yes, I __________ there many times.

6. I _______this school since three years ago.

7. — When _______ he _______?

— He __________ an hour ago.

8. — Would you like to ______ the zoo with me?

— Yes, but I _________there before.

9. — Where _____ you ____ just now?

— I __________ the zoo.

10. He often__________ swimming.

11. ______ you _____ there last year?

12. _____ they often ____skating in winter?

参考答案：

1. has gone to 2. has been in 3. have; been in 4. have been in 5. Have; been to; have been

6. have been in 7. did; go; went 8. go; have been 9. did; go; went to 10. goes 11. Did; go 12. Do; go

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