2015中考英语：重点单词、短语用法归类，总结的太全啦！

◆1 . cost / take / spend / pay 花费

花费时间做某事 ：It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time（in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .

某人花钱买某物 ：sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .

※spend和pay主语都是人，cost主语是物。

※spent还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?

◆2 . thanks for　为…而感谢

thanks to多亏/由于

◆3 .感叹句 ：多么…what +名词

how +形容词/副词

⑴. ______ bad weather！ ⑵. ______ hard he works！

◆4 .因为、由于 ：because(连词) +从句：(表示原因 )

because of（介词短语）+名词（短语 ）= thanks to

※because和so不能同时连用.

◆5 .来自 ：be from = come from

◆6 . How often对频率提问 （ 多久一次） →回答用表示频率的副词或短语

How long对一段时间提问 （多久 ） →回答用表示一段时间的状语

How soon对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） →回答用in+时间段

How far询问多长距离（多长）

◆7 .乘交通工具 ：take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语

by+交通工具=on a交通工具在句中作方式状语

交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…

※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ：ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car

◆8 .对不起 ：Excuse me（劳驾，客套话 ）

Sorry (表示道歉)

◆9 .声音 ：sound (自然界各种声音)

noise（噪音）

voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）

⑴Lucy has a sweet ______ . ⑵That ______ like a good idea .

⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping .

◆10 . look like (外貌看起来像…)

be like（ 性格像… ）

◆11 . take…to… 带去

bring…to…带来

fetch没有方向性（强调来回）

◆12.一些 ：some用于肯定句

any用于否定句和疑问句

※ 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some .

◆13.多少 ：How many修饰可数名词复数

How much修饰不可数名词

※How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ?

◆14． 看 ：see强调看的结果

look ( at )不及物动词，强调看的动作

watch观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影

read读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志

※On Saturday night . I saw an interesting talk show .

On Saturday evening . several kids watched a movie . watch a movie =go to a movie

◆15. stop doing sth停止做某事 →Please stop talking .

stop to do sth停下来去做别的事

⑴The girl soon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵He was tired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest .

◆16. forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：

△forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事）→He forgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school .

forget / remember后接ving表示已发生的动作：

△forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事）→He forgot turningoff the light .(已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you remember seeing the man before ?

◆17.到达… reach +地点

get to +地点 reach = get to

arrive + in +大地点

arrive + at +小地点

※当get to和arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略to

◆18.擅长，在…方面做得好 ：be good at = do well in .

◆19. win（ 赢得 ）接a game、war、a match、a prize

beat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。

◆20.借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb . sth向某人借某物→borrow借入

lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 →lend借出

keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。

※ 类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be

leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on

die — be dead return — be back

◆21.能，会。be able to

can

※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。

⑴We should ______ able to finish the work tomorrow .

⑵I can______ (play) the guitar . ⑶He ______ able to play chess .

◆22. too many太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→I have too many rulesin my house .

too much太多 — 修饰不可数名词→Maybe you have too much yin .

much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→This coat is much too expensive .

◆23. have / has been to去过某地 →He has been to Beijing . (现在不在北京)

have / has gone to去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing . (现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)

have/has been in / at在某地

◆24. used to do sth .过去常做某事→This river used to be very clean .

be（get）used to doing sth .习惯于做某事 →I’m not used to getting up early .

be used to do sth = be used for doing sth .被用于做某事→Pens are used for writing .

◆25. belong to +名词/人称代词宾格 （属于）

be +名词所有格/名词性物主代词 （是）

◆26. can’t 不可能0

表示推测、判断 could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪

must肯定、一定100﹪

◆27. be made from（由…制成）看不出原材料

be made of（由…制成）看得出原材料

⑴The table ______ ______ ______ wood .

⑵Paper ______ ______ ______ wood .

◆28. prefer to do sth宁愿做某事

prefer sth . to sth .喜欢…而不喜欢…

prefer doing sth . to doing sth .喜欢做…而不喜欢做…

◆29.一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： —ed修饰人

—ing修饰物

※interesting(有趣的)—interested（感兴趣的） tiring(累人的)—tired（累的，疲倦的）

boring（令人无聊的）—bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）—excited（激动的）

surprising（令人惊讶的） —surprised（惊讶的）

relaxing(令人放松的)— relaxed（放松的）

embarrassing (令人尴尬的；令人为难的)—embarrassed (尴尬的；为难的)

◆30. the number of +名词复数（…的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。

a number of +名词复数 （许多、一些）= many

⑴The number of students in our class______ 80 .

⑵______ number of students are in Helin Middle School .

◆31. for +一段时间

since +时间点/过去时的句子

※for和since可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years .= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______ .

◆32.除…之外 except（不包括在内）→Everyone could answer this question except Jim .

besides（包括在内）→There are three girls besides me .

⑴We all passed the exam ______ Li Yang .

⑵Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun .

◆33. already用于肯定句中（已经）

yet 用于疑问句末（已经）

用于否定句末（还）

⑴Have you seen the film ______ ? ⑵I haven’t locked the door ______ .

⑶Mom has _______ watered the flowers .

◆34.否定祈使句Don’t + v.

No + v.ing / n.

⑴Don’t smoke here . = ______ ______ here . ⑵Don’t take photos. = ______ ______ .

◆35.也 too放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day , too ?

either放否定句末

also放肯定句中

※also放在实意动词前，be之后。

◆36. be strict with sb.对某人要求严格

be strict in sth .对某事要求严格

Miss Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students .

◆37.需要做某事 need to do sth主语是人

need doing sth主语是物

⑴The classroom _____ cleaning . It’s too dirty . ⑵Children _____ to sleep a lot .

⑶It’s very hot and dry . You need ______（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need ______ (water) .

◆38. through→介词:从内部穿过(park)

across→介词：从表面穿过

cross→动词（road. street. bridge）

⑴Be careful when you ______ the street . ⑵The man went______ the forest .

⑶The train goes ______ the tunnel(隧道). ⑷He swam _____ the river .

⑸We drove _____ the desert (沙漠). ⑹Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue .

◆39. Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth .

提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth .

Let’s do sth .

⑴Why don’t you have a cup of tea ? = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ?

⑵Let’s _____ (go) out for a walk . ⑶How about _____ (practice) conversations ?

◆40. So +助/系/情态+主语 表示肯定意义（…也是如此）

Neither +助/系/情态+主语 表示否定意义（…也不）

※它们都属于倒装句。

⑴My mother didn’t go to school .______ ______ my father .

⑵James comesfrom theUSA .______ ______ Tom .

◆41. both两者都

all三者或三者以上都

⑴The twins _____ are good students .

⑵There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets .

◆42. alone单独，独自一人 →He is alone at home .

lonely孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country .

◆43 in the tree外来的→I saw a cat in the tree .

on the tree长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree .

◆44. in the wall指在墙体内

on the wall指在墙体表面

⑴There is a map _____ the wall .

⑵There is a door _____ the wall .

◆45. on the bed指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed .

in bed指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed .

◆46.引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此…以至于…）

so是副词，后接adj和adv .句型：

△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize .

△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句= such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice .= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice .

such是形容词，后接n.句型：

△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him .

△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming .

※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如：

He is so young that he can’t go to school .

= He is too young to go to school .

= He is not old enough to go to school .

◆47.引导时间状语从句 ：

when +延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV , he came in . = When he came in , I was watching TV .

while+延续性动词（多用进行时）→While I was in Shanghai ,I visited him .

◆48. at the age of 和 when引导的时间状语可以互换。

I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five .

◆49. instead放句首、句末

instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than .

⑴I will go to see her ______ you . ⑵He doesn’t like beer .give him coke ______ .

⑶We often sing English song ______ reading aloud .

◆50. be famous as (作为…而知名) as +职业/身份/地位→Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl .

be famous for (以…而著名) for +出名的原因→Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake .

◆51.看起来像是…似乎/好像…(sb/sth) seems to do sth

It seems that +从句

⑴It _____ _____ he feels very sad . = He _____ _____ _____ very sad .

⑵She seems to want to have a drink .= _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink .

◆52.“疑问词+动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 。

※ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ （天气如何）in Chongqi ?

◆53.问题/难题 question由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用。

problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out搭配。

◆54. family家/家庭（强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关）→My family are kind people .

home家（指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩）→Welcome to my home .

house房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）→They moved to their new house last year .

◆55. in front of (在…前面)在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom .

in the front of (在…前部) 在某一范围内的前面→Two persons are sitting in the front of the car .

◆56.在晚上，在夜里 at night

on + a + adj + night

⑴You shouldn’t go out _____ night . ⑵He met a thief _____ a cold night .

◆57.在…之间between（两者之间）多与and连用。

among（三者或三者以上的人或物之间）

◆58. sometimes不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）→Sometimes I go to school by bus .

some times几次（此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”）→He has been to Shanghai some times .

sometime某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候）→I saw him sometime last year .

some time一段时间（此时time是不可数名词）→He will stay here for some time .

◆59. wear +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .

put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）→Kate puts on her hat and goes out .

be in +颜色/服饰（强调状态）→The girl in red is my sister .

dress +人/反身代词(给某人穿)→She dresses her daughter every morning .

※dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in +衣物（穿着…颜色的衣服）→He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。

◆60. play +球类、棋类名词（不加the）play badminton / play chess / play computer games

play the +乐器名词。（必须加the） play the violin

◆61. There be强调“某处有…”

have强调“某人有…”

⑴________ two computers in the room . ⑵My uncle _______ a car .

※ 当表示整体与局部的关系时，there be与have可互换使用。如：There are twelve months in a year .= A year has twelve months .一年有十二个月。

◆62. speak指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。

say强调说的内容。say sth .to sb .→Please say hello to him .

talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to / with sb表示与某人交谈，talk about sb / sth表示“谈论某人/某事”。 →She is talking with her boss .

tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tell sb .sth.→Please tell me the time .

tell sb (not) . to do sth .→She told me to wait for her .

※tell可以和lie , story搭配。如: tell a lie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth .

◆63. if引导条件状语从句 真实条件状语从句 — 主句是将来时，从句用现在时代替将来。

虚拟条件状语从句 — 虚拟语气

⑴If I _____ (be) a bird , I would ______ (fly) in the sky .

⑵If it _______ (not) rain ,We will climb the hill .

◆64. 强调动作 强调结果

找 look for寻找 find找到

看 look (at)看 see看见

听 listen (to)听 hear听见

◆65. ago副词，“以前”,一段时间后接ago .

before“以前”，可以用在现在完成时的句子中，还可以是连词，“在…以前”。

◆66.别的，其他的other修饰名词，用于名词前。→What other animals do you like ?

else修饰不定代词/疑问代词/疑问副词，放它们的后面。→What else do you have to do ?

◆67. every day每天，作状语。

everyday日常的，作定语。

⑴We go to school at 7:00 ________ .

⑵What’s your ______ activity

◆68. happen主要指偶然发生的事

take place表示预先决定的事

※happen和take place都不用于被动语态

◆69. one…the other 一个…另一个

some …others一些…另一些 （另一些并不包括全部）

some…the others一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）

◆70. be alive作后置定语

living + n.作前置定语

The old man is a great and ______ scientist .He is still ______ .

◆71. on one’s +序数词+ birthday（在某人几岁生日时）

in one’s +整十的基数词的复数 （在某人几十多岁时）

◆72. till = until (直到)“延续性动词（肯定式）+ until”译为“直到…为止”

“瞬间性动词/延续性动词的否定式not + until”译为“直到…才”

◆73.疑问句+ ever = no matter +疑问句 →引导让步状语从句：whatever = no matter what (无论什么) whenever = no matter when (无论何时) whoever = no matter who (无论谁)

wherever = no matter where (无论在哪里) however = no matter how(无论如何)

◆74. 数词-名词- (形容词) 复合形容词作定语

数词+名词复数

⑴He is a two-year-old boy . = The boy is two _____ old .

⑵Look ! This is a ______ buildings .A 70-floors B 70-floor C 70 floors

※Twelve-year-olds表示一类人。（12岁的人）

◆75. agree with sb .同意某人的意见→I don’t agree with you .

agree to sth .同意某人的建议/办法/计划等→He agreed to my plan .

◆76. believe表示相信某人的话→I believe you .= I believe that you say .

believe in表示信任，相信···的存在→I believe ib that man . / Believe in God .相信上帝的存在。

◆77. run out不及物动词短语，指物用完，用光→My money has run out .

run out of及物动词短语，指人用完，用光了物→I have run out of my money .

◆78. maybe = perhaps或许/可能.副词，在句中作状语→Maybe he will come here tomorrow .

may be或许/可能,may是情态动词，在句中作谓语→He may be from the USA ,too .

※maybe和may be可以互换：Maybe you are right . =You may be right .

◆79. fist = first of all第一，首先。强调事情发展的顺序→First I had to decide what to wear .

atfirst = at the beginning起初，起先。表示一件事情的开始阶段→I didn’t like this job at first .

◆80.表示时间的介词

in表示一段时间或较长时间 →in the morning / afternoon / eveningin May ,2010

on指在星期/具体某一天或特指某一天的上/下/晚上 →on Monday/onChildren’sday/on Monday afternoon /on school nights

at表示点时间或较短的时间 →at 8:00 / at noon / at night

◆81.must（必须）表示说话人的主观意图和需求→I have something to do , I must go now .

have to（不得不，必须）表示客观需要→It’s your turn to clean the classroom . You have to do it .

※must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须用needn’t或don’t have to (不必) .

如：- Must I finish the housework today ?

- No , you needn’t . / you don’t have to .

◆82. at the end (后常接of)表示在某时，活动或事件等终止/结束时→She went to Japan at the end of last month .上月底他去了日本。

in the end（后不能接of）最后，最终→ In the end we finished this job .

◆83. join表示加入某个组织、机构、团体等→He joined the League last year .

take part in表示参加某项活动、比赛、游戏等→She took part in the English Speech Contest yesterday .

◆84. watch sb . do sth(看···做某事)→He sat down and watched Wangwang play with a lovely black cat .

watch sb . doing sth (看···正在做某事)强调动作正在进行→I watched her dancing just now .

※ 类似用法的还有这些感官动词：see / look at / hear / listen to / feel等.

◆85.该…的时候了 ：It’s time to do sth .和It’s time for (doing ) sth .可以互换 。

※ It’s time for sb to do sth .如：It’s dark . It’s time for you to go home .

◆86. hope+宾语从句，用陈述语序 →I hope that I can help you .

wish+宾语从句，用虚拟语气 →I wish that I could help you .

※wish后跟双宾语(Wish you success !)和复合宾语，wish sb . to do sth→/ I wish you to go there with me . hope to . do sth . → I hope to go to Beijing this summer .

◆87. no + n.( no是形容词)He has no dog and no family .

not (not是副词)，与be动词/助动词/情态动词连用: isn’t / didn’t / can’t .→There isn’t water or air .

※no和not可以互换:She has no pens . = She doesn’t have pens .

◆88.sth be familiar to sb： 某事或某物为某人所熟悉；某物对某人是熟悉的

sb be familiar with sth： 某人熟悉某物

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