科普成果 | TED演讲解读中国系列之三 什么是中国梦？

TED是美国的一家私有非盈利机构，该机构以它组织的TED大会著称，这个会议的宗旨是“用思想的力量来改变世界”。每年3月，TED大会在美国召集众多科学、设计、文学、音乐等领域的杰出人物，分享他们关于技术、社会、人的思考和探索。

2017年9月30日，解读中国工作室以“中国道路与前景”为主题，邀请斯洛文尼亚前总统达尼洛·图尔克、埃及前总理伊萨姆·沙拉夫、吉尔吉斯斯坦前总理卓奥玛尔特·奥托尔巴耶夫、英国国际发展部国务大臣麦克·贝茨进行了TED演讲。四位学者的演讲题目分别是：

卓奥玛尔特•奥托尔巴耶夫：“一带一路”将给世界带来什么？

麦克•贝茨：中国奇迹是如何发生的？

伊萨姆•沙拉夫：什么是中国梦？

达尼洛•图尔克：中国道路与发展前景。

伊萨姆•沙拉夫：什么是中国梦？

中国共产党自成立以来便致力于为广大人民谋福祉。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕着什么是中国梦、怎样实现中国梦等重大问题，提出了一系列富有创见的新思想、新观点。比如，中国梦是国家的、民族的，也是每一个中国人的；中国梦的本质内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福；实现中国梦，必须坚持中国道路、弘扬中国精神、凝聚中国力量；实现中国梦，必须牢记空谈误国、实干兴邦；中国梦是和平、发展、合作、共赢的梦，不仅造福中国人民，而且造福世界各国人民，与世界各国人民美好梦想是相通的。中国梦是个体梦与群体梦的辩证统一，国家富强与民族振兴最终落脚点都是人民的幸福。只有人民过上了幸福的生活，民族才会振兴，国家才能真正强大。

随着中国经济、社会各方面的飞速发展，“中国梦”已经成为近年来越来越多被提及的话题。

伊萨姆•沙拉夫是埃及前总理，也是埃及前交通部长、开罗大学的教授，曾15次访问过中国，对与埃及一样拥有深厚历史底蕴的中国了解颇多。正如习主席2015年10月在伦敦金融城的演讲中所说的那样“中国梦是中国人民追求幸福的梦，也同各国人民的美好梦想息息相通。中国发展必将寓于世界发展潮流之中，也将为世界各国共同发展注入更多活力、带来更多机遇。”在本次演讲中，伊萨姆•沙拉夫从脱贫和发展中等收入人群两个具体角度出发阐述了他所理解的中国梦，并指出了中国梦与“一带一路”倡议的密切联系、对世界的贡献，对中国乃至世界给出了他独到的意见与建议。

优秀语篇范文赏析：

1The second thing is middle class. 2And let me tell you what's the middle class. 3You see this building, there is a foundation, OK? 4There is a just normal or normal soil. 5But we can not live on that. 6And then we have the building. 7And in between is this foundation. 8Also roads, roads are three layers. 9The top layer is a nice layer to move. 10And then bottom is a bottom layer which is a very weak layer. 11And in between there is a middle layer. 12The middle layer is actually supporting the upper layer and protecting the lower layer. 13This is engineering. 14Also in societies, the stronger is the middle class, the stronger the society as a whole.15The society is not strong by rich people only. 16And of course they are not strong by poor people. 17So the middle class is actually represent the strength of a community, of a society.

语篇分析：这一段讲的是伊萨姆•沙拉夫在讲述中国梦时所具体阐述的两个方面的第二个方面：发展中等收入人群。12句点明本段的主题：关于第二件事是中等收入人群。3句至13句伊萨姆•沙拉夫从工程学的角度出发，运用建筑和道路这两个大家日常生活中经常碰见的事物，对“中等收入人群”这一抽象概念及作用，做了一个深入浅出、通俗易懂、生动活泼的阐述。14句起由工程学建筑中的“地基”、道路的“中间层”，引到社会中的“中等收入人群”，由此至17句伊萨姆•沙拉夫借由前面具体事物的铺垫，直接说出：在社会中，中等收入人群越强大，社会的强大不能仅仅依靠富人，当然也不能依靠低收入人群，因此中等收入人群事实上代表着一个社区和一个社会的实力。

l Middle class指“中产阶级”（The middle class or middle classes are the people in a society who are not working class or upper class. Business people, managers, doctors, lawyers, and teachers are usually regarded as middle class. ）正如儒家所说的中庸之道，想来在社会上也是要大力发展中等收入人群的。

l Foundation指“基础；地基”（The foundations of a building or other structure are the layer of bricks or concrete below the ground that it is built on.）这里的foundation用作房屋建筑的“地基”这一具体含义，而通常我们在写作中也可以将其作为“基础”这一抽象意义进行运用，如例句：Best friends are the foundation of my life.良友们是我生活的基础。同义词有basis, groundwork, base, cornerstone等。

l In between指“在中间”（being neither at the beginning nor at the end in a series），同义词in the middle of。

l Layer指“层，层次；膜”（If something such as a system or an idea has many layers, it has many different levels or parts. ）同义词tier, degree, thickness等。

l Top layer, bottom layer分别指“上层”“中层”“底层”，与文本中 upper layer“上层”, lower layer“下层”可互换。

l The stronger is the middle class, the stronger the society as a whole.指“中等收入人群越强大，社会整体越强大。”The+比较级表示“越……”，如例句The more magazines you sell,the more money you will get.你卖的书越多，你得到的钱越多。

l Represent指“代表；表示；象征”（If a sign or symbol represents something, it is accepted as meaning that thing.）。同根词有很多，如adj. representative 典型的，有代表性的；代议制的representational 代表的；具象派的representable 能被代表的；能上演的；能被描绘的；n. representative 代表；典型；众议员representation 代表；表现；表示法；陈述。以及注意同义词辨析：denote, indicate, imply, mean, suggest, signify, represent这组词都有“表示……的意思”的意思，其区别是：denote 指某一词字面或狭义的意思，或指某些符号或迹象的特指含义。indicate 指明显的表示。imply 侧重用文字或符号表示的联想，暗示。mean 最普通用词。指文字或符号等所表示的各种明确的或含蓄的意义。suggest 通常指暗含地、隐晦地表达意思。signify 指用文字、说话或表情等表示单纯的意思。represent 指体现或代表。

演讲内容赏析：

My name is Essam Sharaf. I'm a professor in CairoUniversity and also former minister of transport and former prime minister of Egypt. Ihave a good relation with China. I’ve visited China maybe 15 times.

我叫伊萨姆•沙拉夫，我是开罗大学的教授，也是埃及前交通部长和前总理，我同中国有着友好的关系，我访问过中国可能有15次了。

But let me try to go back when I was first introduced to China when I was minister of transport in 2005. I came to visit visit China and to be, do you know, actually I was expecting, just you know, poor people, you know, running with the blue jackets. And then when I came in 2005, I saw something different actually.

让我先从我首次来到中国说起。我于2005年担任交通部长时出访中国，我本来以为会在中国看到很多穿着蓝色外套在辛勤劳作的低收入人群。但是看到的景象，比我想象的完全不同。

And when I came, when I went back to Egypt, I told my colleagues and my employees, this country is going to be real great. Because I saw that in the young people, I saw that in all even the government, the people I met. So I expected that China would be completely different than the image I thought before.

我回到埃及，我告诉我的同事和下属们这个国家将成为一个大国，因为我能从那里的年轻人和年长者，还有政府人员身上看到这一点。我认为中国将会成为，和我之前所想象的截然不同的国家。

But the real point where I got to know China more when I came here when I was invited actually in 2014. And I uh, to give two talks. I remember one in April 2014 and one in October, I believe in 2014, the first one about six months or or a year after the Belt and Road Initiative was issued by president Xi. I gave a talk about the BRI, the Belt andRoad Initiative.

我真正对中国有更深的了解，是在2014年，我来中国做了两次演讲。我记得一次是在4月份，还有一次是在10月份。我的第一次演讲是在习主席提出一带一路倡议后，6个月不到一年的时间里，我做了一个关于一带一路的演讲。

And the second talk, was about Chinese dream. Chinese dream.And I did a lot about Chinese dream and I looked at the comparison between Chinese dream and other dreams and as usually say I came to study actually what they see is a quiet number of young people and asked them which dream you expect to last. Is it American dream? European dream? Or Chinese dream?And the majority said Chinese dream.

我的第二次演讲是关于中国梦的。我对中国梦有了很多了解，有人对中国梦和其他国家的梦想做了对比研究，问到一群年轻人，他们认为哪一种梦想能够最后实现，是美国梦欧洲梦还是中国梦，是大多数人的回答是中国梦。

So I started to think actually and the more I think and the more I hear,and the more I investigate, I found very close relation between Chinese dream and Belt and Road Initiative. Chinese dream was mentioned by president Xi, addressed before Belt and Road Initiative. And uh but there is a very close relation and I'm going to talk about that.

因此我开始对此作研究进行调查，我发现中国梦和一带一路倡议之间有着密切联系。在中国提出一带一路倡议以前，习主席在演讲中经常提到中国梦，但是两者之间有着紧密联系。我将和大家谈一谈这一问题。

So Chinese dream is a core, actually I'm going to talk about but let me say that what what’s a dream. I have a model and actually apply to individuals, to groups, societies, countries and even international, the group I called ADW.Astands for assess means evaluate the present, evaluate the current situation. D is dream, nobody should satisfy the present, satisfy you. You you should have a dream,OK? And once you have a serious dream, a faithful dream, you go to W to work to fulfill it.

中国梦是我的谈论重点。但我想说的是，我有一个适用于所有个人，群体，社会，国家，乃至整个国际社会的模式。我称它为ADW。这里的A代表评估现状。D代表梦想，人不应安于现状，所以你应该有梦想。一旦你们有了许多梦想，接下来就要努力去实现它，那就是W。

So that's what happened exactly that China looked at the uniquecapabilities and it was a dream and it worked to fulfill it, and it's still working for that.

这就是中国正在做的事，中国有着特别的能力，他有了梦想后就努力去实现梦想，现在他们正在为实现梦想而努力。

So when I talk about Chinese dream, there is a lot of things. When I actually talk about what happened in the five years of the latelyin China, there’s a lot.Basically if I want to finish my speech in fifteen minutes, I’d say a lot. But let me say that concentrate on some of the basic issues that they feel actually this is uh, putting China in the right direction.

当我们谈到中国梦时，它包括很多东西。当我们谈论中国，在过去5年里取得的成就时，我们会谈到很多东西。如果我想要在15分钟内结束我的演讲的话，我会说有很多成就。但是我想集中讨论一些基本问题，我认为他们正把中国引向正确的发展方向。

I’m an engineer. I can talk about buildings, tunnels and transportation. And it’s amazing, tunnels, roads, and bridges. But what I’m going to talk about is the strong internal, the strong internal. How, what happened? Two things is poverty eradication(消灭) and the middle class.

我是一名工程师。我可以谈论建筑以及交通。你们看到中国的隧道公路和桥梁都很棒。我想谈论的是强大的内在力量，中国发生了什么？有两件事，贫困以及发展中等收入人群。

What happened in poverty eradication? I attended a lot of meetings about poverty eradication, but when I came in 2005, the percent of poverty or people under the poverty line was huge in 2000.Now, nowthere are less than 5% of the Chinese population under the poverty, actually 3% or 4% under the poverty line and they will be, theseabove the line by 2020.

消灭贫困方面的进展怎样？我出席过很多减贫方面的会议，我2005年来中国的时候，中国的贫困率很高，但是现在中国的贫困率已经低于5%，大概在3%~4%，这些贫困人口将在2020年实现脱贫。

The second thing is middle class. And let me tell you what's the middle class. You see this building, there is a foundation, OK? There is a just normal or normal soil. But we can not live on that. And then we have the building. And in betweenis this foundation. Also roads, roads are three layers. The top layer is a nice layer to move. And then bottom is abottom layerwhich isa very weak layer. And in between there is a middle layer. The middle layer is actually supporting the upper layer and protecting the lower layer.This is engineering.

第二件事就是中等收入人群。我要告诉各位什么是中等收入人群。看到这个建筑有一个地基，这只是普通的泥土。我们无法在此之上居住，在泥土和建筑物中间，我们需要打地基。道路也是一样，道路分为三层。顶层是一层黑色的东西，供人们在上面行走，底层很脆弱。在这两者中间还有一个中间层，中间层事实上起着支撑顶层以及保护底层的作用。

Also in societies, the stronger is the middle class, the stronger the society as a whole. The society is not strong by rich people only. And of course they are not strong by poor people. So the middle class is actually represent the strength of a community, of a society.

在社会中，中等收入人群越强大，社会整体越强大。社会的强大不能仅仅依靠富人，当然也不能依靠低收入人群，因此中等收入人群事实上代表着一个社区和一个社会的实力。

And what happened what happened is under the prosperous society concept in the Chinese dream that's what happened is actually a strange thing the society through poverty eradication and uh strengthening the middle class middle class that urban population was 19% in 1980 now it's about more maybe than 60% and by 2030 will be approaching 80%.

中国梦终于实现繁荣的理念之下，人们通过消灭贫困以及强化中等收入人群来实现社会的强大，在1980年，中国的城市人口仅占19%，现在这一数字可能达到了60%以上，到2030年它将接近80%。

I know there are problems as president said, it’s global problems. But I always believe that the strong inside is good for the inside and good for outside relation. This is a strong you cannot actually work at least you are strong inside, then you can deal with other people. OK. So that actually very brief description of the Chinese dream and the prosperous society and sustainable development.

我知道还存在一些问题，一些全球性问题。但是我总相信内在的强大，对于内部本身，以及外部关系来说都是件好事。只有到你们那里强大之后，你们才能开展工作，更好的应对其他事。这是对中国梦以及繁荣社会，可持续发展的一个简单描述。

Actually I selected these two issues of middle class and poverty eradication. The other side, as I told you, the Belt and Road Initiative. China is a great nation with deep civilization. And the responsibility of China is to spread outside.

我选择了中等收入人群，脱贫这两个问题。还有我要谈谈一带一路倡议，中国是一个有着深厚文明的伟大国家，中国的一项责任就是与外界交流。

So after being or being strong inside, how do we go out, because it’s a responsibility before anything else. So the Belt and, or BRI, just make it quickly, actually is a mechanism, is a concept before being a project. A concept that saying thatcertain amount ofpeople and the world to get together for prosperous society, for social justice, for the win win activities and so forth.

作为一个内向型的国家，中国如何走向世界，这是中国最重要的责任。一带一路倡议事实上首先是一个机制，也是一个理念。它意味着世界上的一部分人齐心协力，共同建设繁荣社会，追求社会公平以及实现共赢。

So what happened actually is through the BRI, what happened China carry the responsibility toward the world, because what's happening now under the current globalization is really were living under hostile(怀敌意的)globalization unfair you know that this current globalization does not believe in cultural diversity. They are domination.

事实上，中国肩负着通过一带一路倡议走向世界的责任。因为当前的全球化是不公平的，充满敌意的全球化，这种全球化不相信文化多样性，是一种主流思想。

So there should be a modification(修改)for this globalization. How do you do together. And as you know the Belt and Road Initiative when it was announced, until now there is about 69 countries, 69 countries that showed interest to participate. 69 countries, about 70% of the world's population and maybe 1/3 or more than 1/3 of the world economy.

因此我们应该对这样的全球化进行改善。大家走到一起，整个世界应该团结一致。大家都知道一带一路倡议从发起至今，已经有大约69个国家有兴趣参与其中，这69个国家占世界总人口的70%左右，占世界经济的1/3以上，这是一股强大的力量。

So it is really about so what this power can do? They can do work together, share, not dominate, OK? And they apply actually reach the stage of globalization that is that's required by the humanity, because what's happened as I said, it's inhumane. So the Belt and Road Initiative, as I said, it's a concept aiming at spreading the the concept of civilizations because I'm talking because Egypt also is a country with a civilization.

那么这一力量可以做些什么？他们可以团结合作、共同分享，而不是独断专行。追求的是人类所需要的那种全球化。因为正如我说过的那样，当前的全球化是不人道的。一带一路倡议是一种旨在沟通文明的理念。因为埃及也是一个文明古国。

And I understand that uh globalization that is based onmoral values. This is the same we can save humanity through that because now as I said, humanity is at a great risk to humanity as a whole. So we should work together for that.

全球化是基于道德价值的。这是一种救赎，我们可以借此拯救全人类。因为当前全人类正面临巨大风险，应该为实现这一目标而共同努力。

Plus of course, the Belt and Road Initiative is part of global mechanisms. And as you know, if you have a globalization, you have to have what we call global governance. You have to have institutions and mechanisms to run these all. Currently the mechanisms and institutions are not fit enough toward the especially developing countries.

当然一带一路倡议也是全球机制的一部分。我们大家都知道全球化发展需要全球治理，我们需要建立起各种机制体制，连各种机制体制尚不完善，特别是面向发展中国家的机制体制。

So what we need is another umbrella that we can work together and and apply a bit of global governance. And that's why the Belt and Road Initiative is not just projects it is it is part of a global change of global interactions, new interactions including global uh governments, including common development, including common security, including common trust between people, including a people to people dialogue, including also of course a better and advanced role for non government organization.

我们需要另一种机制，使得我们能够共同努力，加强全球治理。这也是为什么我认为一带一路倡议，不仅仅是一个项目，它是全球性变革以及全新互动的一个组成部分，包括全球治理，共同发展，共同安全，人与人之间的共同信任，人与人之间的对话以及非政府组织的角色的提升。

So the concept of the Chinese dream was gradually moved to the BRI movement. This is very very important. And that's why the world is changing. It will take time, but it's very important to have a new world because now as I said, we are suffering from a serious risk and you just just reading the news, you can feel that any time. The world can go to a bloody world immediately.

我想说的是，这些理念正逐步融入到一带一路倡议中来。这非常重要。这也是世界不断发生变化的原因，我们需要建立一个全新的世界，尽管这需要花费时间。因为我们当前的世界正面临风险。只要看看新闻，你们随时都能感受到这一点，当今世界随时可能变得血腥。

Finally, my advice to you, my advice to you, especially young people believe that you can do. You are living in a great nation, even if some problems there are some problems. But this is a great nation that you have to carry your responsibility. So dream and work for your dream. This is the only thing that you can do. And uh just help your government, your party just to fulfill their responsibilities inside and outside. And that’s end of my talk. Thank you very much.

最后我想给你们一些建议，尤其是给年轻人，那就是相信自己，你们生活在一个伟大的国家，即使它存在一些问题，但这是一个伟大的国家，你们必须承担起自己的责任，所以为你的梦想而努力吧，这是你们唯一能做的事，帮助你们的政府和党，履行他们在国内外的责任，我的演讲到此结束，谢谢大家。

浙江省社科联社科普及课题成果

课题编号：14ND34

课题名称：TED演讲中英文对照读本

负责人： 骆巧丽

工作单位：浙江师范大学