丝路圆梦记② 脱贫攻坚的中国道路（中英文）

China’s road to poverty alleviation
文 《一带一路报道》记者 彭纳

10月17日，中国第七个国家扶贫日，在2020年决胜全面建成小康社会、决战脱贫攻坚之年的特殊年份，这一天被赋予了更多的意义。当天，习近平总书记对脱贫攻坚工作作出重要指示，现在脱贫攻坚到了最后阶段，各级党委政府务必保持攻坚态势，善始善终，善作善成，不获全胜决不收兵。

In 2020, a special year for gaining the decisive victory in the battle against poverty and for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, China’s seventh National Poverty Relief Day on October 17 has been ever so meaningful. On the same day, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave important instructions for the fight against poverty. Now that the fight against poverty has reached the final stage, the Party committees and governments at all levels must maintain the attitude of conquering the uphill fortress, doing well from start to finish, and never flinching without victory.

细数之下，距离2021年仅剩几周时间，“2020年现行标准下的农村贫困人口全部脱贫”是党中央向全国人民作出的庄严承诺，如期实现，没有任何退路与弹性。

As we count down, there are only a few weeks left before 2021. “All the rural poor families under the current 2020 standards will be lifted out of poverty” is a solemn promise made by the CPC Central Committee to all Chinese people. It will be realized as scheduled, without being delayed or abandoned.

这场脱贫攻坚的最后一仗，即将也必须取得全面胜利。因为这一仗，是几代中国人不懈奋斗的目标，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要基石，也是事关每一个中国人的切身之事。

This final battle against poverty will soon and must be a full victory because this battle is the goal of Chinese people who have devoted unremitting efforts and hard work for generations. It is an important cornerstone for achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and a matter of vital importance to every Chinese.

回望历史，解决贫困问题贯穿着中华人民共和国走过的每一个阶段。

Looking back at history, poverty alleviation runs through every stage China has gone through.

自中华人民共和国成立以来，中国共产党带领人民持续向贫困宣战。经过多年来的努力，成功走出了一条中国特色扶贫开发道路，使数亿农村贫困人口成功脱贫，为全面建成小康社会打下坚实基础。中国成为世界上减贫人口最多的国家，也是世界上率先完成联合国千年发展目标的国家。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Communist Party of China has led the people to continue declaring war on poverty. With decades of hard work, we have successfully developed a new model of development-oriented poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics, lifting hundreds of millions of rural people out of poverty, laying a sound foundation to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. With the most people lifted out of poverty, China has led other countries to realize the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

9月9日，江西省九江市湖口县均桥镇新庄村三组村民正在晾晒刚收割的晚稻 （图 东方IC）

然而，想要为千百年来困扰中华民族的绝对贫困问题划上历史性句号，躺在前人的功劳簿上是无法实现的，如何解决深度贫困、如何巩固脱贫成果、如何面对疫情之下的新发问题？这是新时代的脱贫难题。

However, it is impossible to simply put a historic end to the absolute poverty that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years by relying on the achievements made by our predecessors. How to solve poverty, how to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation, and how to face the new issues emerging during the COVID-19? These problems of poverty alleviation are to be solved in the new era.

为此，在2016—2020年这短短五年中，几步至关重要的战略可以看出党中央啃下这块硬骨头的决心。

For this reason, the determination of the CPC Central Committee to solve this tough issue can be seen in the crucial steps in the short five years from 2016 to 2020.

“十三五”规划提出，脱贫攻坚总体目标是，到2020年稳定实现农村贫困人口不愁吃、不愁穿，农村贫困人口义务教育、基本医疗、住房安全有保障；同时，实现贫困地区农民人均可支配收入增长幅度高于全国平均水平、基本公共服务主要领域指标接近全国平均水平。

The 13th Five-Year Plan puts forward that the overall goal of poverty alleviation is to stably realize the goal that by 2020, the rural poor families will have no worries about food and clothing, and that the rural poor will receive compulsory education, basic medical care, and housing security. In the meantime, the growth rate of per capita disposable income for farmers in poor areas will be higher than the national average, and the indicators in the main areas of basic public services will be close to the national average.

由于贯彻落实到位，我国脱贫攻坚开局良好，深度贫困地区脱贫进程明显加快，作风治理和能力建设初见成效，精准扶贫精准脱贫举措扎实落地，东西部扶贫协作和定点扶贫取得突破性进展，资金保障进一步加大，贫困地区生产生活条件明显改善，多年困扰贫困群众的行路难、饮水难、用电难、通信难、教育难、就医难等问题，在大部分贫困地区得到了解决。然而，深度贫困地区脱贫难度大，实现“两不愁三保障”存在薄弱环节，稳定脱贫长效机制有待健全，帮扶工作方式方法不够精准等新问题凸显出来，为此，2018年度全国脱贫工作深耕痛点，取得不俗成绩。当年，全年减少农村贫困人口1000万以上，280个左右贫困县脱贫摘帽，完成280万人易地扶贫搬迁建设任务，连续6年超额完成千万减贫任务。

Giving the credit to the implementation in place, poverty alleviation in China has gotten off to a good start, and the poverty alleviation process in deeply impoverished areas has been significantly accelerated. Working style governance and competence building have achieved preliminary results as targeted poverty alleviation measures have been solidly implemented. In addition, the appealing of strengthening cooperation in poverty alleviation in Eastern and Western China and targeted poverty alleviation have achieved breakthroughs, which further expands the guaranteed funding and improves the production and living conditions in poverty-stricken areas. The difficult access to traveling, drinking water, electricity, communication, education, and medical treatment that had plagued the poor for many years have been solved in most poverty-stricken areas. However, it is difficult for the deeply impoverished areas to get rid of poverty. There are still weak links in meeting the standards of “no shortage of food and clothing” and “access to compulsory education, basic healthcare, and safe housing”, which means that the long-term mechanism for stabilizing poverty alleviation needs to be improved. New problems such as inaccurate assistance methods have emerged. For this reason, the national poverty alleviation work in 2018 concentrated on addressing these pain points and achieved good results. In that year, the rural population in poverty was reduced by more than 10 million, about 280 poor counties were lifted out of poverty, and 2.8 million people were relocated for poverty alleviation. For six consecutive years, the task of lifting over 10 million people out of poverty has been overfulfilled.

2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年，也是打赢脱贫攻坚战的关键一年。这一年的工作将重心落在强化责任落实、防止返贫，并提出具体目标：确保再减少农村贫困人口1000万左右，实现300个左右贫困县摘帽，基本完成“十三五”易地扶贫搬迁规划建设任务。聚焦深度贫困地区集中攻坚，努力解决“两不愁三保障”突出问题，深入推进东西部扶贫协作和定点扶贫，加大扶贫投入，加强资金监管，做好中央专项巡视整改工作，激发贫困群众内生动力，加强脱贫攻坚总结宣传，进一步完善建档立卡，做好脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略的衔接。

2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and it is also a crucial year for winning the battle against poverty. This year’s work will focus on strengthening the implementation of responsibilities and preventing people from returning to poverty, and specific goals have been set: to make ensure that the rural poor population is reduced by about 10 million, about 300 poor counties can be lifted out of poverty, and the 13th Five-Year Plan for poverty alleviation through relocation and construction can be completed. We must focus on tackling problems in areas of extreme poverty, work hard to solve the outstanding problems in the process of meeting the goal of “no shortage of food and clothing” and “access to compulsory education, basic healthcare, and safe housing”, deepen the east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation, and increase investment in poverty alleviation. Moreover, we should strengthen financial supervision, do a good job in the central special inspection and rectification, and encourage the poor to get rid of poverty by themselves by strengthening the summary and publicity of poverty alleviation, further improving the poverty registration system and connecting poverty alleviation with rural revitalization.

新疆国际大巴扎里的歌舞表演 （图 东方IC）

针对问题，标本兼治。数据显示，2016年，全国共有832个贫困县分布在22个省（区、市）。5年来，陆续有15个省（区、市）的贫困县全部实现摘帽，全国共有780个贫困县退出贫困序列，超过5000万农村贫困人口脱贫，我国区域性整体贫困问题基本解决。与此同时，贫困人口收入大幅增加，2013年—2019年，全国832个贫困县农民人均可支配收入由6079元增加到11567元，年均增长9.7%。

Targeted solutions should be implemented to address both the symptoms and root causes of the problems. Data show that in 2016, there were 832 poverty-stricken counties in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country. Over the past five years, all poverty-stricken counties in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have gotten rid of poverty, a total of 780 poverty-stricken counties across the country have exited the poverty list, and over 50 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty. The overall regional poverty problem in China has been solved. In the meantime, the income of the poor has increased significantly. From 2013 to 2019, the per capita disposable income of farmers in 832 poverty-stricken counties across the country increased from 6,079 yuan to 11,567 yuan, showing an average annual increase of 9.7%.

如此成绩鼓舞着全国脱贫攻坚的决心，也赢得了国际社会的瞩目。

Such achievements have inspired the Chinese determination to fight poverty and have also grabbed the attention of the international community.

2019年 4月26日，习近平主席出席第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式，并发表主旨演讲。他特别提到，要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，聚焦消除贫困、增加就业、改善民生，让共建“一带一路”成果更好惠及全体人民，为经济社会发展作出实实在在的贡献，同时确保商业和财政上的可持续性，做到善始善终、善作善成。加纳代表在听完习主席的发言后特别提到，“中国在减贫中所采取的方法很具有代表性”。他还强调，每个国家都有贫穷现象，加纳也不例外，各国政府都在寻找解决贫困的方法，加纳在向中国学习之后，可以将脱贫经验本地化，可以根据在加纳的情况进行调整，然后应用到现实情况中。

On April 26, 2019, President Xi Jinping attended the opening ceremony of the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF) and delivered a keynote speech. He specifically mentioned that we must adhere to the people-centered development thinking, focus on eliminating poverty, increasing employment, and improving people’s livelihood, so that the results of the Belt and Road will better benefit all people and make tangible contributions to economic and social development. At the same time, the sustainability of business and finances should be guaranteed so as to do well from start to finish. After listening to President Xi Jinping’s speech, the representative of Ghana specifically mentioned that China’s approach to poverty reduction is very characteristic. He also emphasized that poverty exists in every country, so it is the case in Ghana. As governments of all countries are looking for solutions to poverty, Ghana can apply the poverty alleviation experience learned from China to its own practical problems with adjustments according to its conditions.

同年5月，由国务院扶贫办、全国对外友协和“一带一路”智库合作联盟等单位联合主办的“一带一路”减贫国际合作论坛在西安举办。来自柬埔寨、秘鲁、缅甸、韩国和日本等多国的官方机构代表与中方一道积极探索减贫方面的国际合作。

In May 2019, Xi’an saw the holding of the Belt and Road International Cooperation Forum on Poverty Reduction, which was co-sponsored by the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, and the Belt and Road Initiative Think Tank Cooperation Alliance. Official institution representatives from Cambodia, Peru, Myanmar, ROK, Japan and other countries are actively exploring international cooperation in poverty alleviation together with China.

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯曾在采访中表示，中国的发展已经让数亿人口远离了贫困，而且中国正致力于在2020年彻底消除国内的极端贫困，这是中国对世界减贫事业最大的贡献。世界银行官员贝克莱·德贝莱同样指出，国际社会承诺通过千年发展目标这一全球协议来消减贫困和饥饿，2015年大部分目标都已完成，这要特别感谢中国作出的重大贡献。

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres once stated in an interview that China’s development has helped hundreds of millions of people get rid of poverty and it has been working to completely eliminate extreme domestic poverty by 2020, which is China’s greatest contribution to poverty reduction in the world. World Bank official Berkeley Debele also pointed out that the international community is committed to reducing poverty and hunger through the global agreement of the MDGs. Most of the targets had been completed in 2015 thanks to China’s significant contribution.

中国在推动自身减贫进程的同时，始终在力所能及的范围内为世界减贫事业贡献一份力量。“一带一路”“中国-联合国和平与发展基金”“南南合作援助基金”等是让中国发展红利惠及世界更多国家和人民的全球公共产品，其为全球减贫事业提供了直接助益，也是中国智慧在世界减贫中的充分体现。

While promoting its own poverty reduction process, China has always contributed to the cause of poverty reduction in the world within its capacity. The Belt and Road Initiative, China-UN Peace and Development Fund, and United Nations Fund for South-South cooperation are global public products that allow China’s development dividends to benefit more countries and people in the world, and provide direct assistance to global poverty reduction. It is also the full embodiment of Chinese wisdom in poverty reduction around the world.

精彩预告：

·脱贫攻坚的中国道路

·边贸+：让靖西摘掉贫困帽

·路路相连，从乌蒙山到欧洲港

·“中法农业科技园”里的致富经

·深山琴音通世界

·从“戈壁”滩到“金银”滩

·中国扶贫事业为世界作出的四个贡献

来源：《一带一路报道》2020年第6期

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