love是「爱」，child是「孩子」， lovechild是什么意思？

最近在一套题里遇到了这个词：

In the village of Barlaston, a strange language can be heard. It's not the friendly Potteries dialect, but something that sounds a little like the lovechild of French and German.

【江浙皖高中（县中）发展共同体高三10月联考】

“听起来像法语和德语的lovechild”？

love是“爱”，child是“孩子”， lovechild是什么意思？

很多同学可能会将其理解成“爱的结晶”。

但child基本义“儿童；小孩”，本来就有“爱的结晶”的意思，此处前面特意再加上“love”，是不是多此一举？

当然不是，这里加上love，代表孩子“非婚生；私生”。

现在再看这句：something that sounds a little like the lovechild of French and German，跟你开始的理解是不是有区别？

类似合成词是出题人在试卷中常设的障碍词，有的可能在语篇中影响我们的阅读速度，有的可能设在题目中直接影响我们的正确率。

下面是近年高考真题中出现的合成词，都认识吗？

01

合成名词类

1.[2024新课标Ⅱ卷] Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?（rider(骑车者)+ -ship (表示头衔、地位、技巧或关系)→ridership n 客流量）

2.[2024新课标I卷] Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. （sun(太阳)+screen(遮蔽物) →sunscreen n 防晒霜）

3.[2024新课标I卷] Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. （member(成员) + -ship (表示头衔、地位、技巧或关系)→ membership n 会员数）

4.[2024新课标I卷] What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? （data (数据)+ set (一套)→dataset n数据集）

5.[2024新课标I卷] I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. （spell(拼写) + check(检查) + -er → spellchecker n 拼写检查程序）

6.[2024全国甲卷] What can you do together with Javier Marin?

A. Practice a traditional dance.

B. Make handcrafts.

C. Visit a local museum.

D. Feed invertebrates.

（hand(手) + craft(工艺，手艺) → handcraft n 手工艺品）

7.[2023·新高考Ⅱ卷] These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. （spring(跳)+board(板)→springboard 跳板，基础）

8.[2022·新高考I卷] These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. （hunter(狩猎者)+gatherer(采集者) →hunter- gatherer 狩猎采集者）

9.[2022·全国甲卷] Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. （shape(形状)+recognition(识别)→shape- recognition 形状识别）

10.[2022·全国甲卷] Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. （trial(试验)+and+error(错误)→trial-and- error反复试验，不断摸索）

11.[2022·浙江1月卷] The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. （down(向下)+turn(转变)→downturn 下降，衰退）

12.[2022·浙江6月卷] The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter. （go(去)+get(获得)+er→go-getter积极进取的人,实干家）

13.[2022·北京卷] He was treated for frostbite on his hands. （frost(严寒天气)+bite(咬)→frostbite冻伤，冻疮）

14.[2021·天津3月卷] The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. （draw(拉)+back(向后)→扯后腿的事物→ drawback 缺点，不利条件 ）

15.[2020·全国III春] From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. （stand(站)+point(地点)→standpoint 立场，观点）

16.[2020·浙江卷] For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. （.cure(治愈)+all(一切)→cure-all 万灵药, 灵丹妙药）

02

合成动词类

1.[2024全国甲卷] We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.（show+ case → showcase v 展示）

2.[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. （sky(天空)+rocket(火箭)→skyrocket 急升，猛升）

3.[2022·全国甲卷] As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. （kick(踢)+start(开始)→用脚时启动 kick-start 促使……开始，使(项目)尽快启动）

4.[2021·全国甲卷] It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. （s black(黑色的)+list(名单)→blacklist 黑名单，此处作动词，表示"把……列入黑名单"）

5. [2021·北京卷] One's potential cannot always be underrated. （under- (不足，未)+ rate(评价，评估)→underrate 低估）

6. [2021·北京卷] Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. （counter- (反对，对立)+ act(行为) → counteract 抵制，抵消）

03

合成形容词类

1.[2024全国甲卷] I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. （heart (心脏) + broken(损坏的) → heartbroken adj 极为悲伤的，心碎的）

2.[2023·全国甲卷] It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. （back(背部) + break(使折断)+ -ing→ backbreaking 非常繁重的，吃力的）

3.[2022·新高考I卷] A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. （ground(地) + break(打破)+ -ing→打破地面的→ground-breaking 开辟新天地的,开拓性的；diet(日常饮食) + related(相关的)→diet- related 日常饮食相关的）

4.[2022·全国甲卷] It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away... （jaw(下巴) + drop(使掉下) + -ing→使下巴掉下的→jaw-dropping 令人大惊失色的）

5.[2022新高考II卷] The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. （hand(手) + free(自由的)→不需要用手拿的→hands-free 不需用手操作的）

6.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. （high(高的) + intensity(强度) →high-intensity高强度的）

7.[2022·全国乙卷] A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms. （hair(毛发) + raise(使直立)+ -ing→hair- raising使人毛骨悚然的，惊险的）

8.[2022全国乙卷] Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. （high(高的) + tension(电压)→high-tension高压的）

9.[2022·全国乙卷] Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax...（milk(奶) + -based(以……为重要部分的)→ milk-based 以奶为重要部分的）

10.[2022全国乙卷] It is a short-sighted decision. （short(短的) + -sighted(有……视力的)→ short-sighted目光短浅的,无远见的）

11.[2022·全国甲卷] A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot. （visually(视觉地) + challenged(伤残的) → visually-challenged 视觉有缺陷的）

12.[2022·浙江1月卷] I've always been independent-spirited and 1 just feel strongly that I must help animals. （independent(独立的) + -spirited(有某种精神的) →independent-spirited 精神独立的）

13.[2022·浙江1月卷] She earns a basic and tax-free salary. （tax(税) + -free(没有……的) →tax-free 免税的）

14.[2022·浙江6月卷] Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made few errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. （before(在……之前) + hand(手)→beforehand 预先，事先）

15.[2022·浙江6月卷] Markman also promotes off-task time. （off(不在……上，离开) + task(任务) → off-task非任务的）

16.[2022·天津6月卷] Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact... （main(主要的) + stream(溪流)→ mainstream主流的）

17.[2022·北京卷] Peer(同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning program available to students enrolled(注册) in most core units of study in our business school. （peer(同伴) + facilitate(促进)+-ed→peer-facilitated 同伴促进的）

18.[2021全国乙卷] He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. （single(单个的) + use(使用)→ single-use 供一次使用的）

19.[2021·新高考1卷] Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. （up(向上)+ and + coming(即将到来) → 向上的状态即将到来 → up-and-coming 有前途的）

20.[2021·新高考1卷] Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. （skill(技能) + -based(以……为基础的) → skill-based 基于技能的）

21.[2021·浙江6月卷] Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. （like(相似的) + -minded(思维……的)→ like-minded 想法相同的，志趣相投的）

22.[2021浙江6月卷] Any small interruption--a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. （down(向下) + stream(小河，溪)→顺着河流向下的→downstream 引发的，导致的）

23.[2021·天津3 月卷] Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. （well(好地) + live(生活，过日子)→ well-lived 美好的）

24.[2020全国I卷] In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. （one(一) + off(不会再发生)→ oneoff 一次性的）

25.[2020全国I卷] Model Paige Morgan says, "To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them..." （guilt(内疚，罪责) + -free(没有……的)→ guilt-free 没有负罪感的）

26.[2020·全国Il卷] In this case, one of a realistie-looking ape. （realistic(逼真的，栩栩如生的) + looking(相貌)→realistic-looking 相貌逼真的）

27.[2020·全国II卷] A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. （sea(海) + dwell(居住) + -ing → sea-dwelling在海上居住的）

28.[2020·新高考I卷] Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. （well(非常) + rounded(全面的)→well-rounded 全面的）

29.[2020北京卷] At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. （world(世界) + class(等级，级别)→world-class 世界级的，世界一流的）

30.[2020·北京卷] In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. （drug(药) + -resistant(耐……的)→drug-resistant 耐药的）

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